Simulation study of miscible water alternatinggas injection in a stratified reservoir model presentation pdf available june 2017 with 164 reads how we measure reads. Wag and a pair of water injection tests were conducted and the efficiency of lswf and high salinity water flooding hswf. Japex provided the drilled core and oil samples collaboration between japex and rite. Nitrogen gas injection for immiscible gas flooding is commonly used in the oil and gas industry, and can improve oil recovery by increasing reservoir pressure during the tertiary stage of recovery. Comparison of oil recovery by water injection, gas. Water injection wells wiw most common, but also includes.
Wateralternatinggas wag injection a novel eor technique. Water alternating gas wag water alternating gas involves gas injection followed by water injection gas injection increases displacement efficiency water injection increases sweep efficiency 5. Technical paper on the injection of biogas into the natural. Wag stands for water alternating gas watergas injection suggest new definition. The second compression stage to reach the discharge pressure is not shown. This high purity stationary inert gas nitrogen generator ngen is designed for industrial inert gas users. Compositional fluid flow simulation with water alternating.
Above the mmp, nitrogen injection is a miscible vaporizing drive. Microbubble co2 injection for enhanced oil recovery is founded by jogmec. Acquadro modeling and process analysis group school of engineering and science swinburne university of technology, australia the injection of gas into a liquid bath has been widely practiced in the. Study of gas injection performance under different production. Foam which is formed on the contact of nitrogen and. Most injection molders require 99% nitrogen for their applications. Wateralternatinggas wag injection a novel eor technique for mature light oil fields a laboratory investigation for gs5c sand of gandhar field. Wag injection is defined as the alternate injection of watertogas ratios of 0.
Water alternating gas process has been used to improve the mobility of the flooding system and that will result in better sweep efficiency and an improvement in the oil recovery efficiency. By injecting natural gas into an oil reservoir, the reservoir pressure increases to maintain the desired production level. Numerical and experimental investigation of top submerged. Mobility control is a major concern in gas flooding process, and water alternating gas injection wag for enhanced oil recovery eor, which can be improved by simultaneous injection of chemicals. Water alternating gas wag injection a novel eor technique for mature light oil fields a laboratory investigation for gs5c sand of gandhar field. The objective of this thesis is to explore the potential for enhanced gas recovery from gasbearing shale formations by injecting co2 into a targeted shale formation.
The process exploits the microscopic displacement advantages. Threephase relative permeability and hysteresis model for simulation of water alternating gas wag injection. First we reproduce cycles of water and gas injection observed in previously published experimental studies. And special thanks to the american institute of mining, metallurgical. Water alternate gas injection controller wag350 is designed to monitor and control the injection of water or carbon dioxide at the wellhead. In this study, an artificial neural network is implemented to construct neurosimulation tools for screening and designing wateralternatinggas process.
The displacement tests consisted of the following steps. The low primary recovery factors are largely the result of the ultralow matrix permeabilities. Surfactant alternating gas sag injection is one of the methods commonly used to decrease this problem. Fogging gas turbine inlets or direct injection of water into gas turbine combustors, decreases no x and increases power. However, wateralternatinggas wag processes give better recovery than injecting gas or water alone by utilizing the advantages of both gas and water injection at the same time freistuhler et al. However, water alternating gas wag processes give better recovery than injecting gas or water alone by utilizing the advantages of both gas and water injection at the same time freistuhler et al. Wag injection, injectivity loss, micromodel, relative permeability, water flood 1 introduction the wateralternatinggas wag scheme is a combination of two traditional techniques of improved hydrocarbon recovery.
Return rt3 am% hl0l kirtwwd afb, n mex a method for solving the nonsimilar laminar boundarylayer equations including foreign gas injection by joseph g. Water alternating gas wag injection is an eor method where water and gas is injected in cycles. So wag injection improves oil recovery by taking advantage of the increased microscopic displacement of gas injection with the improved. The recovery factor of wag flooding is compared with that of the conventional waterflooding and gas injection. User configurable pressure falloff, step rate and step pressure test programs are provided. Jun 06, 1995 simultaneous injection of water and gas is also believed to benefit the recovery of hydrocarbon liquids from earth formations in an improved manner by reducing the gas tooil ratio in oil production wells in earth formation zones wherein the simultaneous water and gas injection process has been conducted. The aim of the current work is to evaluate the performance of the different gas injection methodologies for gs5c sand of said field.
Chemically enhanced water alternating gas injection cewag is getting significance importance in eor after wag due to its ability to improve both the displacement and sweep efficiency. And, unlike conventional reservoirs, in which waterflooding is the main choice for improving oil recovery by. Evaluation of oil recovery by water alternating gas wag. A process whereby nitrogen gas is injected into an oil reservoir to increase the oil recovery factor. Displacement by misciblegas injection can be highly efficient for recovering oil. We predict the measured oil, water and gas relative permeabilities accurately. This process is used mostly in co 2 floods to improve hydrocarbon contact time. Simulation optimization of wateralternatinggas process under. Wag water alternating gas watergas injection acronymfinder. Porescale simulation of water alternate gas injection. Monitoring for enhanced gas and liquids recovery from a. Modeling examines gas injection results for improving. Sohrabi 1, m fatemi 1, m jami 1, s ireland 1, g robertson 1 1institute of petroleum engineering ipe, heriotwatt university edinburgh eh14 4as, uk mehran. Numerical and experimental investigation of top submerged gas injection system y.
Mobility control is a major concern in gas flooding process, and wateralternatinggas injection wag for enhanced oil recovery eor, which can be improved by simultaneous injection of chemicals. Study of gas injection performance under different. One of the most effective methods in oil production and eor is gas injection. A specific type of gdr application is the immiscible wateralternatinggas iwag displacement process. An experimental study of co2low salinity water alternating gas injection in sandstone heavy oil reservoirs. Furthermore, a smaller wag slug size of co 2wag injection led to a higher oil rf and the optimum wag slug ratio was approximately 1. Natural gas injection a natural gas injection application is one of many enhanced oil recovery methods. Injection molding nitrogen membrane generator on site gas.
Research and development on a novel wateralternatinggas. Optimization of a water alternating gas injection compositional fluid flow simulation with simultaneous water alternating gas injection optimization on the upscaled synthetic reservoir cerenai the main objective of this work is to devise a production strategy, on a brazilian presalt. One partner simplified its field operations by replacing a glycol gas. Ness by lb injection get uniform drainage, decrease sand production drain bypassed oil create gas lift, save drilling costs accelerate production stooip 3,6 billion bbl. Gas injection is performed in different type such as miscible and immiscible injection. Srivastava, laxminarayan mahli, irs, ongc summary it is an established fact that substantial amount of oil usually remains in a reservoir after primary and secondary processes.
Below the minimum miscibility pressure mmp, this is an immiscible process in which recovery is increased by oil swelling, viscosity reduction and limited crudeoil vaporization. The list of acronyms and abbreviations related to wag water alternating gas. Over time, mature oil field formations often experience production decline. Water alternating gas injection wag also referred to as combined water and gas injection cgw is an enhanced oil recovery eor method where water and gas injection are carried out alternately in a reservoir for a period of time in order to provide both microscopic and. Replace glycol dehydration units with methanol injection. Nitrogen generation for injection molding on site gas. One such application is the injection of gas into a reservoir as a gas displacement recovery gdr mechanism to induce additional reserve growth. The unique feature of the process includes use of alkaline, surfactant, and polymer as a chemical slug during the cewag process to reduce the interfacial. Here, a set of core floods including a pair of co2 wag and a pair of water injection tests are. Experimental investigation of miscible and immiscible. In this application a slug of water is put into an injection well, followed by gas, which exists as a separate phase from the water and oil. We discuss the hysteresis trends in the water and gas relative permeabilities and compare the behavior of waterwet and oilwet media.
The idea of using a gas for the purpose of maintaining reservoir pressure. This definition appears very frequently and is found in the following acronym finder categories. Pdf simulation study of miscible wateralternatinggas. Mechanism of injectivity loss during wateralternatinggas. The gas injection eor processes today help recover a substantial portion of the oil from light oil reservoirs moritis, 2002. The unique feature of this new method is that it uses alkaline, surfactant, and polymer additives as a chemical slug which is injected during the water alternating gas wag process. When using surplus power from wind generation, the concept is sometimes called windgas. The objectives for this study were to increase the oil recovery while reducing the gas production and the parameters selected for optimization in this study were the bottomhole pressure, the well position, the injection rate and wag ratio. Index terms enhanced oil recovery eor, miscible flooding, nitrogen injection, water alternating gas wag. Pdf study of various water alternating gas injection. Several types of eor applications are implemented in the oil industry. Methods to control freezing range from removing water from the gas stream to lowering the water s dewpoint. The gasses may be used as chemical feedstocks, burned to. While initial production rates are high from horizontal wells in ultratight oil formations, reservoir recovery factors are very low, averaging in the range of 510 percent.
Published on december 21, 2015 december 21, 2015 261 likes 22 comments. Simultaneous water and gas injection into earth formations. Herein, a set of core floods including a pair of co2 water alternating gas. Apr 20, 2010 in this study, an artificial neural network is implemented to construct neurosimulation tools for screening and designing water alternating gas process. The unique feature of this new method is that it uses alkaline, surfactant, and polymer additives as a chemical slug which is injected during the water alternating gas wag. This paper is discussing the last updating in this field. Nitrogen membrane generator systems are effective to approximately 99% while the psa nitrogen generator system generates n 2 gas up to 99. Avoid production reduction when gas export is at its maximum reduce storage costs and co2 tax produce attic oil reach areas difficult to reach with water injection, ex. Optimization of the water alternating gas injection. Water alternating gas in stratified reservoirs ntnu open. Wag injection, injectivity loss, micromodel, relative permeability, water flood 1 introduction the water alternating gas wag scheme is a combination of two traditional techniques of improved hydrocarbon recovery. With the advancement of technologies in horizontal drilling combined with hydraulic fracturing, shale gas has become a significant source of energy throughout the united states.
An experimental and numerical study of chemically enhanced. Wag is defined as water alternating gas watergas injection very frequently. The rix model ngen30s provides high quality nitrogen product gas for use in applications where high pressure inert gas generation is needed to supply gas assist injection molding. Water alternating gas wag a enhanced oil recovery technique. Simultaneous injection of water and gas is also believed to benefit the recovery of hydrocarbon liquids from earth formations in an improved manner by reducing the gastooil ratio in oil production wells in earth formation zones wherein the simultaneous water and. Economics of acid gas reinjection for the acid gas reinjection projects currently operating in alberta, they are typically small. Comparison of oil recovery by water injection, gas injection and water alternating gas wag injection in water wet and mixedwet rocks m. In general, the technique of hot gas injection is used to defrosting process on the evaporator 11 12. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Dec 21, 2015 water alternating gas wag water alternating gas involves gas injection followed by water injection gas injection increases displacement efficiency water injection increases sweep efficiency 5. Comparison of oil recovery by water injection, gas injection and wateralternatinggas wag injection in waterwet and mixedwet rocks m. An analytical model for the corrosion risk of water alternating gas. Gas injection is the oldest of the fluid injection processes. Technical paper on the injection of biogas into the.
Comparison of oil removal in surfactant alternating gas with water. We also offer multiple nitrogen purity systems with pfx purity flow exchange. Wag injection is defined as the alternate injection of water to gas ratios of 0. Spe distinguished lecturer series is funded principally through a grant of the spe foundation the society gratefully acknowledges those companies that support the program by allowing their professionals to participate as lecturers. According to the us department of energy, there are three primary techniques for eor. Comparison of oil recovery by water injection, gas injection. Powerto gas often abbreviated p2g is a technology that converts electrical power to a gas fuel. Wag injection is defined as the alternate injection of waterto gas ratios of 0. How is water alternating gas watergas injection abbreviated. Data for one such project are listed in the following. In this work, an experimental study combined with numerical simulation was conducted to investigate the potential of chemically enhanced water alternating gas cwag injection as a new enhanced oil recovery method. Water alternating gas injection wag also referred to as combined water and gas injection cgw is an enhanced oil recovery eor method where water and gas injection are carried out alternately in a reservoir for a. Enhanced oil recovery by water alternating gas wag. Co 2 injection salt water disposal 20% of all class ii wells used only for disposal of fluids associated with oil and gas production hydrocarbon storage used to inject and remove liquid.
Eor can extract 30% to 60% or more of a reservoirs oil, compared to 20% to 40% using primary and secondary recovery. The residual oil saturations in gas swept zones have been found to be quite low, however, the volumetric sweep in gas floods has always been a cause for concern hinderaker et al. Abstract an analytical model is proposed to describe the corrosion risk profile of a well tube in water alternating gas wag co2 injection. An experimental study of co2low salinity water alternating gas. The hydrogen can be used directly, or further steps may convert it into syngas, methane, or lpg. Enhanced oil recovery abbreviated eor, also called tertiary recovery, is the extraction of crude oil from an oil field that cannot be extracted otherwise. Methods to control freezing range from removing water from the gas stream to lowering the waters dewpoint. Underground injection wells for produced water disposal. Crude oil development and production includes three phases. Herein we demonstrate that injection of water into the air upstream of the combustor reduces no x by factors up to three in a natural gas fueled trapped vortex combustor tvc. Continuous gas injection cgi and water alternating gas wag. An enhanced oil recovery process whereby water injection and gas injection are carried out alternately for periods of time to provide better sweep efficiency and reduce gas channeling from injector to producer. Powertogas often abbreviated p2g is a technology that uses electrical power to produce a gas fuel.
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